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Yao Yanzhang
Yao Yanzhang (姚彥章) (died May 25, 939)〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 78.〕 was a key general serving under Ma Yin, a warlord of the late Chinese Tang Dynasty and the founder of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Chu.
== During Tang ==
It is not known when Yao Yanzhang was born, but it is known that he was from Ru'nan (汝南, in modern Zhumadian, Henan).〔''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms'', (vol. 72 ).〕 The progress of his initial military career was not clear — but, presumably, like Ma Yin, he was initially conscripted into the army of the late Tang Dynasty warlord Qin Zongquan, who controlled his home region, and then, after Qin declared himself emperor of a new state, was sent south on an expedition commanded by Qin's general Sun Ru; after Sun was defeated and killed by Yang Xingmi, Yao, presumably as was in the case with Ma, followed Liu Jianfeng, who headed southwest, eventually taking over Wu'an Circuit (武安, headquartered in modern Changsha, Hunan), where Liu became its military governor.〔See in general ''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 133.〕
In 896, Liu was assassinated by his soldier Chen Zhan (陳瞻) after carrying out an affair with Chen's wife. The officers killed Chen and initially offered leadership to Liu's strategist Zhang Ji (張佶). However, at the time that Zhang was about to accept leadership and enter the headquarters, his horse bit his leg. Believing this to be a bad omen, he instead recommended Ma to take over leadership. As Ma was then, under orders Liu previously ordered, attacking Shao Prefecture (邵州, in modern Shaoyang, Hunan), which was then occupied by the officers Jiang Xun (蔣勛) and Deng Jichong (鄧繼崇) (who had previously rebelled against Liu's rule), Zhang sent emissaries to formally summon Ma back from the Shao campaign. Ma initially hesitated. Yao, who was then serving under Ma in the Shao campaign, persuaded him to accept, stating, "You, Lord, were effectively three people in the same flesh with General Liu and Commander Zhang. Now the General suffered disaster, and the Commander hurt his leg. The will of heaven and the wishes of the people are all on you; who can it be other than you, Lord?" Ma therefore left the officer Li Qiong (李瓊) to continue to the Shao siege while he himself returned to Wu'an's capital Tan Prefecture (in modern Changsha, Hunan) to accept command of the circuit. (Zhang, after transferring command to Ma, himself assumed command of the Shao campaign,〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 260.〕 and captured the prefecture and Jiang in 897.)〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 261.〕
In 898, it was under Yao's recommendation that Ma launched a campaign to try to capture Heng (衡州, in modern Hengyang, Hunan), Yong (永州, in modern Yongzhou, Hunan), Dao (道州, in modern Yongzhou), Lian (連州, in modern Qingyuan, Guangdong), and Chen (郴州, in modern Chenzhou, Hunan) Prefectures. Yao also recommended Li Qiong as the commander of the operations, and Ma agreed. Ma's army was able to thereafter capture all five prefectures and take them under Ma's control.〔 After the end of the campaign, Ma commissioned Yao as the prefect of Li Prefecture (澧州, in modern Changde, Hunan). Later, Ma made him the commander of the Jingjiang Circuit (靜江, headquartered in modern Guilin, Guangxi) army.〔〔Ma took control of Jingjiang in 900, and commissioned Li Qiong as its military governor, so Yao's commission (which would be under Li's command) must have been in or after 900. See ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 262.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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